Research of Motivational Aspects for Marketing Support of Innovative Activity of Industrial Enterprises

The article is devoted to the theoretical grounding and development of practical recommendations for research and formation of motivational aspects for marketing support of innovative activity of industrial enterprises. Methodology of the research of marketing employees at industrial enterprises is revealed to clarify the motives of their behavior and the impact on existing businesses activity. Use of internal marketing is proposed to enhance the motivation of marketing employees for improving innovative activity of the enterprises. Application of motivational approach of the internal marketing is proved. This application is based on overcoming objections concerning innovation, study of internal incentives and opportunities for self-development and aims to result in a change and/or innovation, which is achieved through the formation of a balanced scorecard of marketing department, which is provides creation of preconditions to stimulate, support and development of innovation. Scientific and practical approaches are developed for the use of a balanced scorecard to determine sub-processes of marketing activities, as well as in assessing loyalty of the marketing employees

A structure marker study for Pd_2Si formation: Pd moves in epitaxial Pd_2Si

A sample with the configuration Si (111)/single crystalline Pd_2Si/polycrystalline Pd_2Si/Pd is used to study the dominant moving species during subsequent Pd_2Si formation by annealing at 275 °C. The interface between monocrystalline and polycrystalline Pd_2Si is used as a marker to monitor the dominant moving species. The result shows that Pd is the dominant moving species in the monocrystal

Model for Anisotropic Directed Percolation

We propose a simulation model to study the properties of directed percolation in two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic random media. The degree of anisotropy in the model is given by the ratio $\mu$ between the axes of a semi-ellipse enclosing the bonds that promote percolation in one direction. At percolation, this simple model shows that the average number of bonds per site in 2D is an invariant equal to 2.8 independently of $\mu$. This result suggests that Sinai's theorem proposed originally for isotropic percolation is also valid for anisotropic directed percolation problems. The new invariant also yields a constant fractal dimension $D_{f} \sim 1.71$ for all $\mu$, which is the same value found in isotropic directed percolation (i.e., $\mu = 1$).Comment: RevTeX, 9 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.

Improvement of thermally formed nickel silicide by ion irradiation

A significant improvement of the lateral uniformity of thermally formed Ni_(2)Si layers has been observed after low‐dose (10^(13)~3 × 10^(14) ion/cm^2) Xe irradiation of an As‐deposited Ni film. Measurements have also been made on samples that contained a thin impurity layer formed intentionally between the silicon substrate and the evaporated nickel film. The impurity layer was thick enough to prevent thermal silicide formation in unirradiated samples, but in irradiated samples, the silicide formation was not prevented. Similar results were obtained for As implantations. We attribute this effect to ion mixing of the interfacial layer. These results demonstrate that a low‐dose irradiation can render the process of silicide formation by thermal annealing more tolerant to interfacial impurities. The concept is of potential significance to VLSI technology

Comparing Risk Perceptions and Risk Management in Organic and Conventional Dairy Farming: Empirical Results From Norway

This study was conducted to explore organic and conventional dairy farmers' perceptions of risk and risk management, and to examine relationships between farm and farmer characteristics, risk perceptions, and strategies. The data originate from a survey of conventional (n=363) and organic (n=162) dairy farmers in Norway. Organic farmers had the least risk averse perceptions. Institutional and production risks were perceived as primary sources of risk, with farm support payments at the top. Compared to their conventional colleagues, organic farmers gave more weight to institutional factors related to their production systems. Conventional farmers were more concerned about costs of purchased inputs and animal welfare policy. Organic and conventional farmers' management responses were more similar than their risk perceptions. Financial measures such as liquidity and costs of production, disease prevention, and insurance were perceived as important ways to handle risk. Even though perceptions were highly farmer-specific, a number of socio-economic variables were found to be related to risk and risk management. The primary role of institutional risks implies that policy makers should be cautious about changing policy capriciously and they should consider the scope for strategic policy initiatives that give farmers some greater confidence about the longer term. Further, researchers should pay more attention to institutional risks

Finite-Size Scaling in Two-dimensional Continuum Percolation Models

We test the universal finite-size scaling of the cluster mass order parameter in two-dimensional (2D) isotropic and directed continuum percolation models below the percolation threshold by computer simulations. We found that the simulation data in the 2D continuum models obey the same scaling expression of mass M to sample size L as generally accepted for isotropic lattice problems, but with a positive sign of the slope in the ln-ln plot of M versus L. Another interesting aspect of the finite-size 2D models is also suggested by plotting the normalized mass in 2D continuum and lattice bond percolation models, versus an effective percolation parameter, independently of the system structure (i.e. lattice or continuum) and of the possible directions allowed for percolation (i.e. isotropic or directed) in regions close to the percolation thresholds. Our study is the first attempt to map the scaling behaviour of the mass for both lattice and continuum model systems into one curve.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, 2 PostScript figure

Short gamma-ray bursts within 200 Mpc

We present a systematic search for short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the local Universe based on 14 yr of observations with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. We cross-correlate the GRB positions with the GLADE catalogue of nearby galaxies, and find no event at a distance ≲100 Mpc and four plausible candidates in the range 100 Mpc ≲ D ≲ 200 Mpc. Although affected by low statistics, this number is higher than the one expected for chance alignments to random galaxies, and possibly suggests a physical association between these bursts and nearby galaxies. By assuming a local origin, we use these events to constrain the range of properties for X-ray counterparts of neutron star mergers. Optical upper limits place tight constraints on the onset of a blue kilonova, and imply either low masses (⁠≲10−3M⊙⁠) of lanthanide-poor ejecta or unfavorable orientations (θ_(obs) ≳ 30 deg). Finally, we derive that the all-sky rate of detectable short GRBs within 200 Mpc is 1.3^(+1.7)_(−0.8) yr⁻¹ (68 per cent confidence interval), and discuss the implications for the GRB outflow structure. If these candidates are instead of cosmological origin, we set a upper limit of ≲2.0 yr⁻¹ (90 per cent confidence interval) to the rate of nearby events detectable with operating gamma-ray observatories, such as Swift and Fermi

NOMA Enhanced 5G Distributed Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) holds great potentials of improving road safety and efficiency. However ultra reliability and low latency vehicle to everything (V2X) communication service is required to fully unleash the potentials of CAV. In this paper we investigate distributed vehicle to vehicle (V2V) for CAV, which supports not only broadcast but also multicast/unicast communications. Power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is applied to deal with the CAV traffic patterns, which are different from those in the traditional connected vehicle applications. With NOMA the signals for long range broadcast with major power and signals for short range neighbors with small power can be superposed in one transmission. With the application of NOMA the channel load can be reduced and communication reliability and latency will be improved. The framework and operation of NOMA enhanced distributed V2V system are designed. Qualitative and quantitative benefits of the proposed scheme are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a gain of more than 80% on network capacity under the investigated scenarios, with large performance improvement in terms of communication throughput and reliability